Acknowledgements
The authors and publishers acknowledge the following sources of copyright material and are grateful for the permissions granted. While every effort has been made, it has not always been possible to identify the sources of all the material used, or to trace all copyright holders. If any omissions are brought to our notice, we will be happy to include the appropriate acknowledgements on reprinting and in the next update to the digital edition, as applicable.
Key: Int = Intro, SU = Starter Unit; U = Unit.
Grammar Worksheets
Photography
The following photographs are sourced from Getty Images.
Basic- SU: Jose m. Alvarez/Moment; U1: DreamPictures/Taxi/Getty Images Plus; U2: Pekic/E+; U3: Ian O'Leary/Dorling Kindersley/Getty Images Plus; U4: Bernd Vogel/Corbis/Getty Images Plus; U5: George Stroud/Hulton Archive; U6: Michael Truelove/Cultura; U7: Robert Alexander/Archive Photos; U8: Kristina Strasunske/Moment; U9: Cavan Images; Standard- SU: Gerald Nowak/The Image Bank Getty Images Plus; U1: vitapix/iStock/Getty Images Plus; U2: Mark Webster/Cultura; U3: VCG/Getty Images News; U4: krugli/iStock Editorial/Getty Images Plus; U5: Paul C Stokes/Moment/Getty Images Plus; U6: Pascal Deloche/Corbis Documentary/Getty Images Plus; U7: Robert Alexander/Archive Photos; U8: Kristina Strasunske/Moment; U9: Cavan Images; Extension- SU: Anton Petrus/Moment; U1: vitapix/iStock/Getty Images Plus; U2: Mark Webster/Cultura; U3: VCG/Getty Images News; U4: krugli/iStock Editorial/Getty Images Plus; U5: Paul C Stokes/Moment/Getty Images Plus; U6: Pascal Deloche/Corbis Documentary/Getty Images Plus; U7: Robert Alexander/Archive Photos; U8: Henn Photography/Cultura; U9: Cavan Images.
Vocabulary Worksheets
Photography
The following photographs are sourced from Getty Images.
SU: Pete Leonard/Corbis/Getty Images Plus; Hero Images; Siphotography/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Михаил Рудёнќо/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Jessica Peterson; Merlas/iStock/Getty Images Plus; phruetthiphong pawarachan/Moment; H & D Zielske/LOOK-foto; U1: Martin Novak/Moment; Photograph © Jon Cartwright/Moment; U2: chengyuzheng/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Moritz Otto/EyeEm; Roger T. Schmidt/Photographer's Choice/Getty Images Plus; Korolkoff/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Melanie Hobson/EyeEm; Denis_Dryashkin/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Werayuth Tessrimuang/EyeEm; U3: Westend61; Renee Comet Photography/StockFood Creative/Getty Images Plus; Tilra/iStock/Getty Images Plus; AlasdairJames/iStock/Getty Images Plus; anna1311/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Howard Shooter/Dorling Kindersley/Getty Images Plus; Adam Gault/OJO Images; Pattanaphong Khuankaew/EyeEm; Rachel Husband/Stockbyte; U4: phototropic/E+; Sanny11/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Image Source; Kanphong Suwarotdumrong/EyeEm; Jjacob/E+; U5: ugurhan/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Jjacob/E+; Art Wager/E+; Vasyl Dolmatov/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Anna Wacker/EyeEm; Leonid Ikan/iStock/Getty Images Plus; gremlin/E+; Gmint/iStock/Getty Images Plus; U6: David Shopper/Corbis/Getty Images Plus; Brainsil/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Hill Street Studios/Photolibrary/Getty Images Plus; U7: Stígur Már Karlsson/Heimsmyndir/E+; Celia Sanchez/Image Source; U9: luxxtek/iStock/Getty Images Plus.
Communication Worksheets
Photography
The following photographs are sourced from Getty Images.
U1: domin_domin/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Hugh Threlfall/Photolibrary/Getty Images Plus; evemilla/E+; mawielobob/iStock/Getty Images Plus; primeimages/E+; Hemera Technologies/PhotoObjects.net/Getty Images Plus; mawielobob/iStock/Getty Images Plus; burwellphotography/iStock/Getty Images Plus; U2: Andrea Obzerova/500Px Plus; rimglow/iStock/Getty Images Plus; U3: GMVozd/E+; William Shaw/Dorling Kindersley/Getty Images Plus; U4: Creativ Studio Heinemann; PaulCowan/iStock/Getty Images Plus; U6: peepo/E+; Brian Bailey/Taxi/Getty Images Plus; U7: Jetta Productions/David Atkinson; Classen Rafael/EyeEm; mediaphotos/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Steve Debenport/E+; U8: Hero Images; BraunS/E+; U9: monkeybusinessimages/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Tetra Images; alexsl/iStock/Getty Images Plus; kali9/E+; Peter Cade/Ascent Xmedia; ChristopherBernard/iStock/Getty Images Plus,
Project Templates
Photography
The following photographs are sourced from Getty Images.
Int: Hero Images; monkeybusinessimages/iStock/Getty Images Plus; code6d/E+; ilyast/DigitalVision Vectors; LuckyBusiness/iStock/Getty Images Plus; RobinOlimb/DigitalVision Vectors; RaStudio/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Wavebreakmedia/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Olivier Verriest/iStock/Getty Images Plus; artursfoto/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Hill Street Studios/DigitalVision.
The following photograph is sourced from the other library.
Int: Kirby Wu.
Cover design: Chefer
Cover illustration: Andrés Martínez
Video Worksheets/Videos
Documentaries
Photography
All photographs are sourced from Getty Images.
U1.1: Bildagentur-online/Universal Images Group; Fototeca Gilardi/Photodisc; duncan1890/E+; Loomis Dean/The LIFE Picture Collection; Gianni Ferrari/Cover; Bettmann; Hulton Archive; Serge Balkin/Conde Nast Collection; Ted West/Hulton Archive; Lynn St. John/Conde Nast Collection; National Media Museum/Daily Herald Archive/SSPL; McKeown/Hulton Archive; Don Arnold/WireImage; RichLegg/E+; Images Press/Archive Photos; GERARD JULIEN/AFP; Hemera Technologies/AbleStock.com/Getty Images Plus; U1.5: Thomas L. Kelly/Aurora Photos; Taylor Weidman/LightRocket; Thomas Trutschel/Photothek; Chris Jackson/Staff; Hannes Eichinger/EyeEm;republica/E+; Zing Images/DigitalVision; AmArtPhotography/iStock/Getty Images Plus; U2.1: DEA/BIBLIOTECA AMBROSIANA/De Agostini; Culture Club/Hulton Archive; The New York Historical Society/Archive Photos; Universal History Archive; OY/iStock/Getty Images Plus; U3.1: Roy Stevens/The LIFE Images Collection; Bettmann; Klaus Vedfelt/DigitalVision; Tammy616/E+; Hiroshi/500px; Edwin Remsberg/Photolibrary/Getty Images Plus; U3.5: Keiko Iwabuchi/Moment; Irina Marwan/Moment; DigiPub/Moment; AGF/Universal Images Group; John S Lander/LightRocket; U4.1: DE AGOSTINI PICTURE LIBRARY; Schroptschop/E+; Ron Bambridge/Photodisc; cbpix/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Three Images/DigitalVision; U5.1: Creative Edge/iStock/Getty Images Plus; James D. Morgan/Getty Images News; Francois LOCHON/Gamma-Rapho; U5.5: aarrows/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Dmitry Feoktistov/TASS; Francois ANCELLET/Gamma-Rapho; oneworld picture/Universal Images Group; View Pictures/Universal Images Group; John Greim/LightRocket; Yuri Smityuk/TASS; Carlos Fernandez/Moment; 3quarks/iStock/Getty Images Plus; kcslagle/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Paulo Hoeper/Moment; U7.1: Francesco Carta fotografo/Moment; Westend61; Flashpop/DigitalVision; Roberto Machado Noa/LightRocket; U7.5: Paula Bronstein/Getty Images News; U8.1: Pramote Polyamate/Moment; romikmk/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Photo Josse/Leemage/Corbis Historical; Aleksandra Kossowska/EyeEm; Akirastock/iStock/Getty Images Plus; kdreams/Multi-bits; Cavan Images; mikkelwilliam/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Weerayut Ranmai/EyeEm; U9.1: DEA/A. DAGLI ORTI/De Agostini; Print Collector/Hulton Archive; Science & Society Picture Library/SSPL; Universal Images Group; MatiasEnElMundo/iStock/Getty Images Plus; myillo/DigitalVision Vectors; LokFung/DigitalVision Vectors; Boston Globe; U9.5: Visual China Group; pidjoe/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Westend61; PaulFleet/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Xu Jian/Stockbyte.
Video
All video clips are sourced from Getty Images.
U1.1: Christian Vierig/Getty Images Entertainment Video; Bronek Kaminski/one80: Signature; Gregory Christopher Lindsey/Image Bank Film: Signature; Mimi Haddon/DigitalVision; Archive Films; Film Audio Services/Archive Films; WPA Film Library/Archive Films; Onyx Media, Llc - Footage/Archive Films: Editorial; Petrified Films/Archive Films: Creative; Hearst Newsreel; The March of Time; Ultra Film/Archive Films: Creative; Archive Farms - Footage; BFI HD Collection/Archive Films: Creative; jessikla/Creatas Video; Prelinger/Archive Films: Creative; Stephen Marks Inc/Photolibrary Video; Film Audio Services/Archive Films: Creative; Xavier Arnau Serrat/one80: Signature; Kelvin Murray; Edward Berthelot/Getty Images Entertainment Video; kali9/Creatas Video; Imageways/Archive Films: Creative; NASA Images Archiving LLC/one80; National Media Museum/Daily Herald Archive/SSPL; U1.5: Nissim Farin/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Blend Motion/Photolibrary Video; FatCamera/Vetta; Zachary Michael Boggs/Image Bank Film; Eastfootage/Image Bank Film; Encyclopaedia Britannica Films/Archive Films; Archive Farms; Alan Becker Productions/Image Bank Film; FG Trade/Creatas Video; Deluxe Photo/Image Bank Film; Multi-bits/Image Bank Film; Fondation GoodPlanet/Yann Arthus-Bertrand; Human/Fondation GoodPlanet/Getty Images/; Fondation GoodPlanet/Yann Arthus-Bertrand; Do Diligence Inc/Image Bank Film; A&E Television Networks/Image Bank Film; slowmotiongli/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Allstar Picture Library/Photolibrary Video; RJ-Creations_Robin/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; sefoma/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Bill Bachmann/Image Bank Film; Samuel Magal/Photolibrary Video; Anadolu Agency/Footage; Discovery Access; BlackLight Films - Louie Schwartzberg/Image Bank Film; Avatar_023/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Samuel Magal/Photolibrary Video; Yellow Dog Productions Inc/Image Bank Film; Yellow Dog Productions Inc/Verve; Hugh Sitton/one80: Signature; BlackLight Films - Louie Schwartzberg/Image Bank Film; John Lamb/Iconica Video; Spotmatik/Verve+; Barry Kusuma/Image Bank Film; DGLimages/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Picture Palace/Image Bank Film; U2.1: lexaarts/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; olga_d/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; JHDT Stock Images LLC/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Forrestbro/Vetta; Akurra/Vetta; HNImages/Image Bank Film; DroneBase/DigitalVision; Archive Farms/Getty Images; The March of Time; piola666/Creatas Video; Tomas Abad - Footage/Getty Images Editorial Footage; Christopher Badzioch/Creatas Video; piggyfoto/Getty Images Editorial Footage; Tribune Broadcasting - WPIX, New York; Tribune Broadcasting - WPIX; Multi-bits/one80; GoranQ/Creatas Video; Multi-bits/Image Bank Film; CJNattanai/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; commandoXphoto/Creatas Video; 22gallery/Creatas Video; Archive Farms; Vivimage, Inc/Image Bank Film; ValentinAyupov/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; toni salvatella/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; pigphoto/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; mgost/Creatas Video; monkeybusinessimages/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; The Lighthouse Film Co, Inc/Lighthouse Films; martin-dm/Creatas Video; Spotmatik/Verve+; 2Dwork/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Christopher Furlong/Getty Images Editorial Footage; RWP UK/DigitalVision; Spotmatik/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Peter John Phipp/Oxford Scientific Video; Image Bank FilmU; U3.1: andresr/Vetta; Neustockimages/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; gorodenkoff/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; UtlanovD/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; monkeybusinessimages/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Mr. Big Film/Photodisc; Fenske Family/Archive Films; SVTeam/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Archive Films: Creative; Ultra Film/Archive Films; mith_67/Creatas Video; C R Laing/DigitalVision; Andersen Ross/Verve+; xijian/Creatas Video; vkasintsev/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; jessikla/Creatas Video; tawattiw/Creatas Video; Robin Beckham/Creatas Video; Kycheryavuy/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Wavebreakmedia/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Science Photo Library/Image Bank Film; Remus Kotsell/Creatas Video; nikicruz/Creatas Video; fluxfoto/Creatas Video; joakimbkk/Creatas Video; BSPC/Creatas Video; Multi-bits/Image Bank Film; OpticFlow/Vetta; Film Audio Services/Archive Films; David Fortney/Iconica Video: Signature; Dkart/Creatas Video; Andrew Efimov/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Zilvinas/Creatas Video; Patramansky/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; delihayat/Creatas Video; Tivoli Entertainment LLC/Image Bank Film; Thomas Barwick/Iconica Video: Signature; Paolo Cipriani/Creatas Video; piyaset/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Sladic/Creatas Video; HeroImagesFootage/Creatas Video; SimonSkafar/Creatas Video; Carl Pendle/Oxford Scientific Video; Gavin Hellier/DigitalVision; maradek/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; pixdeluxe/Creatas Video; U3.5: Bronek Kaminski/one80: Signature; Peresmeh/Creatas Video; topnatthapon/Creatas Video; Toshi Sasaki/Image Bank Film; Gary Conner/DigitalVision; Samuel Cockedey; Toshi Sasaki/Photodisc; vichie81/Creatas Video; mith_67/Creatas Video; Multi-bits/Image Bank Film; andresr/Creatas Video; LV4260/Creatas Video; Rudy Maxa's World/Verve; Yuji Kotani/Photodisc; antorti/Creatas Video; TUNTI/Creatas Video; Archive Films; Fuji Television Network, Inc/Image Bank Film; FilippoBacci/Vetta; Gisela Matta/Image Bank Film: Signature; POMPIXs/Creatas Video; Wittybear/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; xmee/Creatas Video; glowonconcept/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Gisela Matta/Verve; Copyright Unscripted Films/Image Bank Film; ULTRA.F/Image Bank Film: Signature; inewsistock/Creatas Video; PassionStudio/Creatas Video; phaitoons/Creatas Video; Denisfilm/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; yongyuan/Creatas Video; U4.1: pintogame/Creatas Video; ChrisBoswell/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; EcoPic/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Sony Pictures Entertainment/Image Bank Film; Science Photo Library/Image Bank Film; mihtiander/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; BBC Natural History/BBC Creative; Fluorescent Films Ltd/Image Bank Film; gacooksey/Creatas Video; nattanan726/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; milehightraveler/Vetta; Discovery Access; Eyal Bartov/Verve+; Photolibrary Pty Limited/Oxford Scientific Video; Witthaya/Creatas Video; vichie81/Creatas Video; lavoview/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; John Downer Productions/Image Bank Film; Razvan25/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; dani3315/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Tba/Image Bank Film; AquaVision TV Productions/Image Bank Film; Gallo Images/MNET - ELECTRONIC MEDIA NETWORK/Image Bank Film; John Downer Productions/Image Bank Film; SimonSkafar/Vetta; Ascent Xmedia/Image Bank Film; saskami/Creatas Video; Raimund Linke/DigitalVision; Schroptschop/Creatas Video; Steve Romano/Velocity Media Systems Inc/Verve; Austrian Broadcasting Corporation; Austrian Broadcasting Corporation; Multi-bits/Image Bank Film; MartinHarvey/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; ivanmateev/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; jd_field/Creatas Video; simonkr/Vetta; Andersen Ross/Image Bank Film; Laurence Dutton/Creatas Video; U5.1: Egoroff/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Bernt Ove Moss/Image Bank Film; nakaret4/Creatas Video; MediaProduction/Creatas Video; loveguli/Creatas Video; ROBTJLOVE/Creatas Video; Curt Walheim/DigitalVision; voshadhi/Creatas Video; ferrantraite/Creatas Video; viafilms/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Explora_2005/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Schroptschop/Vetta; Kunhui Chih/Creatas Video; Matt Anderson Photography/Moment Video RF; GabyScheewe-Pfeil/Creatas Video; Justin Lewis/DigitalVision; Marc Szeglat/Moment Video RR; stephfournet/Creatas Video; spikeehair/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Yiming Li/Creatas Video; David Fortney/Image Bank Film; earthlingdw/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; earthlingdw/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Blend Motion/Verve+; kokoroyuki/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; ThanaphatSomwangsakul/Creatas Video; vichie81/Vetta; Schroptschop/Creatas Video; vichie81/Creatas Video; Anakin Fox/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; DreamStation/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; MartinHarvey/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; OverlandMedia/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Moment Open; Robert Harding Video/Verve+; PobladuraFCG/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; BlackLight Films - Louie Schwartzberg/Image Bank Film; John Downer Productions/Image Bank Film; Discovery Access; rawheadrex/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Joe McBride/DigitalVision; 1carson2/Creatas Video; ginclearfilm/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Richard Ames/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Spotmatik/Verve+; halbergman/Creatas Video; U5.5: rufus_blackwell/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Blacklight Productions LLC/Image Bank Film; Explora_2005/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Samuel Cockedey/one80; slavemotion/Creatas Video; piggyfoto/DigitalVision; Yuri_Arcurs/Creatas Video; StockLapse/Moment Video RF; FPS MEDIAS INC/Verve+; DroneBase/DigitalVision; special shots for special projects/Moment Video RF; Iralta VR - Iralta Films S.L/Moment Video RF; Babak Tafreshi/Moment Video RF; Art of Travelling/Image Bank Film; Babak Tafreshi/Moment Video RR; Big time films/Moment Video RF; HOPE PRODUCTIONS/Yann Arthus Bertrand/Getty Images; o_ned/Creatas Video; Pressmaster/DigitalVision; Discovery Access; AscentXmedia/Creatas Video; Ppicasso/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Zastavkin/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Mattia Bicchi Photography/Moment Video RF; Iwc Media Limited/Image Bank Film; Frazao Media/Moment Video RF; Barry Kusuma/DigitalVision; BlackLight Films - Louie Schwartzberg/Image Bank Film; SkyworksFootage/Creatas Video; SkyworksFootage/Vetta; donfiore/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Christian Dauphin/Image Bank Film; SkyworksFootage/Vetta; birdigol/Creatas Video; Eastfootage/DigitalVision; DigitalVision; RockfordMedia/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; U6.1: Jordan Siemens/Image Bank Film: Signature; Paul Bradbury/one80: Signature; slavemotion/Creatas Video; WW News/Photodisc; Justin Case/Image Bank Film: Signature; Ridvan Celik/Creatas Video; AscentXmedia/Creatas Video+; selected-takes/Vetta; stefi340/Creatas Video; samey/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; littlenomad/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; DonHammond/Creatas Video; Simonkr/one80; zefart/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; mgost/Vetta; mgost/Vetta; piola666/Creatas Video; Caiafilm/Vetta; helivideo/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; selected-takes/Creatas Video; John Lamb/Iconica Video: Signature; Spotmatik/Rights-ready; swissmediavision/Creatas Video+; ianmcdonnell/Creatas Video; Caiafilm/Vetta; MakanaCreative/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; technotr/Vetta; SEASTOCK/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Seok Wun/Image Bank Film; Kunhui Chih/Creatas Video; Bogani Michele/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; saskami/Vetta; Mauricio Graiki/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; simonkr/Vetta; GoodSport.Video/Photolibrary Video; Camp4 Collective/Image Bank Film: Signature; Ascent Xmedia/one80: Signature; simonkr/Creatas Video; helivideo/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; U7.1: selected-takes/Vetta; zgr_pro/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; f11photo/Creatas Video; Daniil Rybkin/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Voyagerix/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Onyx Media, Llc/Archive Films; nosedog77/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; SanneBerg/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; MStudioImages/Creatas Video; Caiafilm/Creatas Video; Bronek Kaminski/Iconica Video; Edward Berthelot/Getty Images Entertainment Video; Photo and Co/DigitalVision; Teraphim/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; SoraPhotography/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; sergeysaraev/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; martinlubpl/Creatas Video; Rost-9D/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Naga Film/Verve; Mark Andersen/DigitalVision; Anurug/Creatas Video; shironosov/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Zinkevych/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; SVTeam/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; HannesEichinger/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; vichie81/Creatas Video; Stockboutique/Creatas Video; Stewart Cohen Pictures/DigitalVision; Caiafilm; ExcellentPhoto/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Multi-bits/Image Bank Film; kokoroyuki/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; gl0ck/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Bjorn Bakstad/Creatas Video; satori13/Creatas Video; silverkblack/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; thisnight/Vetta; Aviavlad/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Iserg/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Johnce/Creatas Video; U7.5: kali9/Creatas Video; silverkblack/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Thomas Barwick/image Bank Film: Signature; Caiafilm/Vetta; Eternity In An Instant/Image Bank Film: Signature; ridvan_celik/Vetta; ImagesBazaar/Photolibrary Video; selected-takes/Vetta; stevecoleimages/Creatas Video; monkeybusinessimages/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Laurence Dutton/Vetta; mihtiander/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; SimonSkafar/Creatas Video; Stock Footage, Inc/Photolibrary Video; Vice News; Mark Andersen/Image Bank Film; cookelma/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Nutexzles/Moment Video RF; Rick Steves/Image Bank Film; asiseeit/Vetta; Oleh_Slobodeniuk/Creatas Video; ferrantraite/Vetta; Victor Lochon/Getty Images Editorial Footage; PaigePan/Creatas Video; ITN; Blacklight Productions LLC/DigitalVision; Fisher Creative Llc/UNI FILM/DigitalVision; WOP Productions/DigitalVision; Christian Offenberg - Footage/Getty Images Editorial Footage; birdigol/Creatas Video; Peter Adams Photography Ltd/Verve+; Peter Adams Photography Ltd/Verve+; WOP Productions/DigitalVision; Aldo Pavan/DigitalVision; Михаил Рудёнќо/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; wundervisuals/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; helivideo/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; jmsilva/Creatas Video; Verve+; gorodenkoff/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; U8.1: simonkr/Vetta; Easy_Company/Vetta; Andrew Sacks/Image Bank Film: Signature; Ryan Pyle/Image Bank Film; gorodenkoff/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; visualspace/Vetta; saskami/Creatas Video; Haitong Yu/Moment Video RR; Stewart Cohen Pictures/one80: Signature; The Lighthouse Film Co, Inc/Lighthouse Films; kali9/Creatas Video; Wavebreakmedia/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; thisnight/Creatas Video; pigphoto/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; HenrikAMeyer/Creatas Video; HBO/Fusion; Zilvinas/Creatas Video; tekdemirmurat/Creatas Video; TheRadarLab/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; DGLimages/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Gavin Hellier/DigitalVision; Just One Film/Image Bank Film; Quittani Producciones/Image Bank Film; julos/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; JackF/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Johnce/Creatas Video; StationaryTraveller/Creatas Video; Alexey Cheprakov/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Oleksii Liskonih/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; PixelBounce/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; winterbee/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; winterbee/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; SpockTV/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; gorodenkoff/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; nd3000/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; HeroImagesFootage/Creatas Video; Caiafilm/Creatas Video; Easy_Company/Creatas Video; Stusya/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; U9.1: FilmColoratStudio/Vetta; kali9/Vetta; red_bred/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; thekreative/Creatas Video; Bakstad/Creatas Video; Studia72/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; ThanakonHD/Vetta; ersen_cira/Creatas Video; Weatherstock/Corbis Video; batoev/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Stockshare/Creatas Video; Manfred Bortoli/Moment Video RF; NicolasMe/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Pawel Libera/Moment Video RR; Historical Picture Archive/Corbis Historical; Heritage Images/Hulton Archive; phaitoons/Creatas Video; teekid/Vetta; David Gould/Photodisc; eleser/Creatas Video; Eyal Bartov/Verve+; vzmaze/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; GK Hart-Vikki Hart/Verve; Froomer Pictures Ltd/Image Bank Film: Signature; gorodenkoff/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Aerial Filmworks; Stusya/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Martin Puddy/Image Bank Film; Petrified Films/Archive Films: Creative; real444/Vetta; Beyond Our Reality Productions Inc/one80: Signature; tawattiw/Creatas Video; The Lighthouse Film Co, Inc/Lighthouse Films; gorodenkoff/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; kali9/Creatas Video; DGLimages/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; shironosov/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Ljupco/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; gilaxia/Vetta; Stock Footage, Inc/DigitalVision; JaimeByrd/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; U9.5: gorodenkoff/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Fluorescent Films Ltd/Image Bank Film: Signature; triloks/Creatas Video; 101cats/Creatas Video; Johnce/Creatas Video; Eyewire, Inc/Verve+; f11photo/Creatas Video; Gian Lorenzo Ferretti Photography/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Ben Ng/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; zxvisual/Creatas Video; Witthaya/Creatas Video; MaaHoo Studio/Image Bank Film; Wenjie Dong/Creatas Video; sunweitao/Creatas Video; loveguli/Creatas Video; xijian/Creatas Video; jessikla/Creatas Video; Zhang Peng/Getty Images Editorial Footage; Eastfootage/Image Bank Film; muyu123/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Xiaolu Chu - Footage/Getty Images Editorial Footage; asiseeit/Vetta; Yellow Dog Productions Inc/Image Bank Film: Signature.
Audio
All audio clips are sourced from Getty Images.
U1.1: Daniel Ragle/SoundExpress; TOY INVENTION/SoundExpress; piccadillyCircus/SoundExpress; U1.5: alexandru grigoriev/SoundExpress; DZMITRY CHARNYSHOU/SoundExpress; Asim Tamer Tarhan/SoundExpress; U2.1: sporeboy/SoundExpress; MUX/SoundExpress; Tribe Of Noise/SoundExpress; U3.1: omin_13/SoundExpress; Judson Lee Music/SoundExpress; U3.5: Robert Gacek/SoundExpress; Bruno Monteny/SoundExpress; U4.1: sporeboy/SoundExpress; MulvadMusic/SoundExpress; Dmitriy Shironosov/SoundExpress; Vytenis Misevicius/SoundExpress; U5.1: Marcin Gasiewicz/SoundExpress; Round Sky Music/Studio Unicorn/SoundExpress; Enrique Molano/SoundExpress; U5.5: owen mulcahy/SoundExpress; Mykola Odnorog/SoundExpress; U6.1: Oleg Gorbunov/SoundExpress; Slobodan Levakov/SoundExpress; Dmitri Skliarov/SoundExpress; U7.1: juqboxmusic/SoundExpress; Paul Jensen/Diving Reflex/SoundExpress; U7.5: Sergey Chuprina/SoundExpress; Vytenis Misevicius/SoundExpress; U8.1: alexandru grigoriev/SoundExpress; piccadillyCircus/SoundExpress; prart/SoundExpress; Jason Garner/SoundExpress; U9.1: Tribe Of Noise/SoundExpress; MUX/SoundExpress; Arrington Music/SoundExpress; Sergey Chetvertnykh/SoundExpress; U9.5: juqboxmusic/SoundExpress; Vitaliy Arksshanhelski/SoundExpress; david weston/SoundExpress.
Video produced by Lucentum Digital.
Everyday English
Photography
All photographs are sourced from Getty Images.
U1.4: Passakorn Leelawat/EyeEm; David Lomeli/EyeEm; Miemo Penttinen - miemo.net/Moment; Ababsolutum/E+; Mlenny/E+; Mimi Haddon/DigitalVision; powerofforever/E+; jeffbergen/E+; Westend61; sbk_20d pictures/Moment; jhillphotography/Moment; Lemon_tm/iStock/Getty Images Plus; U2.4: ExperienceInteriors/E+; tulcarion/E+; Klaus Vedfelt/DigitalVision; sutthinon sanyakup/Moment; Jason Stang/Corbis; boygovideo/iStock/Getty Images Plus; notwaew/iStock/Getty Images Plus; eclipse_images/iStock/Getty Images Plus; U3.4: Hero Images; CreativaStudio/iStock/Getty Images Plu; Larry Williams & Associates/DigitalVision; Westend61; PhotoAlto/Anne-Sophie Bost/PhotoAlto Agency RF Collections; gerenme/E+; Debby Lewis-Harrison/Cultura; U4.4: Bulgac/E+; Carlina Teteris/Moment; Matthew Shaw/Moment; KellyThorson/iStock/Getty Images Plus; XiXinXing; Westend61; U5.4: dowell/Moment; Westend61; FEBRUARY/Moment; Marco Rubino/EyeEm; Marco Bottigelli/Moment; Lorenzo Moschi/EyeEm; metamorworks/iStock/Getty Images Plus; john finney photography/Moment; horseman82/iStock/Getty Images Plus; John Telford Photographs/Stockbyte; Mark Lovatt/Moment; Emir Terovic/500px Prime; Janina Wilczek/EyeEm; Flashpop/DigitalVision; yayayoyo/iStock/Getty Images Plus; U6.4: ismagilov/iStock/Getty Images Plus; abracada/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Mint Images; sababaJJ/iStock/Getty Images Plus; mountainberryphoto/iStock/Getty Images Plus; BSANI/iStock/Getty Images Plus; edb3_16/iStock/Getty Images Plus; asbe iStock/Getty Images Plus; Sebastian Kaczorowski/iStock Editorial/Getty Images Plus; Westend61; U7.4: Romy Tesei/Moment; © by Martin Deja/Moment; Digital Camera Magazine/Future; Luis Carlos Garrido Lecca/EyeEm; Peter Chadwick LRPS/Moment; Christoph Hetzmannseder/Moment; SolStock/E+; U8.4: Westend61; Charlie Dean/Caiaimage; onurdongel/iStock/Getty Images Plus; mediaphotos/iStock/Getty Images Plus; pictafolio/iStock/Getty Images Plus; scanrail/iStock/Getty Images Plus; David Schaffer/Caiaimage; CreativaStudio/iStock/Getty Images Plus; U9.4: Martin Barraud/OJO Images; Tom Merton/OJO Images; Klaus Vedfelt/DigitalVision; Flashpop/DigitalVision; Csondy/E+; TerryJ/E+; piola666/E+; Hero Images; Karunyapas Krueklad/EyeEm.
Video
All video clips are sourced from Getty Images.
U1.4: Getty Images/Verve+; U3.4: Simonkr/Creatas Video; ioanmasay/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; U9.4: freemixer/Vetta.
Audio
All audio clips are sourced from Getty Images.
U1.4: Nick Soumakis/SoundExpress; piccadillyCircus/SoundExpress; U2.4: Nick Soumakis/SoundExpress; U3.4: Nick Soumakis/SoundExpress; Vitaliy Arkhanhelski/SoundExpress; Electron Planet/SoundExpress; U4.4: Nick Soumakis/SoundExpress; U5.4: Nick Soumakis/SoundExpress; filo/DigitalVision Vectors; U6.4: empura/E+; filo/DigitalVision Vectors; Nick Soumakis/SoundExpress; U7.4: Nick Soumakis/SoundExpress; U8.4: Nick Soumakis/SoundExpress; U9.4: Nick Soumakis/SoundExpress.
Video produced by Lucentum Digital.
Grammar Vlogs
Photography
All photographs are sourced from Getty Images.
SU.1: PhotoAlto/Anne-Sophie Bost/PhotoAlto Agency RF Collections; Feng Wei Photography/Moment; Nick Daly/Cultura; Erik Isakson; FatCamera/E+; Hill Street Studios/DigitalVision; noblige/iStock/Getty Images Plus; yellowsarah/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Jd Pooley/EyeEm; SU.2: Cunaplus_M.Faba/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Alexander Spatari/Moment; asantosg/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Morsa Images/DigitalVision; Westend61; btrenkel/E+; Alexandra Arciszewski/EyeEm; U1.2: Adam Hester/Photodisc; Westend61; Click&Boo/Moment; PhotoAlto/Frederic Cirou/PhotoAlto Agency RF Collections; myillo/DigitalVision Vectors; JackF/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Kentaroo Tryman/Maskot; kynny/iStock/Getty Images Plus; kali9/iStock/Getty Images Plus; U1.3: Jose Luis Pelaez Inc/DigitalVision; Kristina Lindberg/DigitalVision; PhotoAlto/Sigrid Olsson/Brand X Pictures; James Woodson/DigitalVision; Tuutikka/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Happycity21/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Sue Barr/Image Source; Gurpal Singh Datta; izusek/E+; Westend61; John M Lund Photography Inc/DigitalVision; Heath Korvola/UpperCut Images; Erstudiostok/iStock/Getty Images Plus; ShutterWorx/E+; luanateutzi/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Sam Edwards/Caiaimage; Iuliia Isaieva/Moment; Merlas/iStock/Getty Images Plus; marugod83/iStock/Getty Images Plus; U2.2: Yevgen Timashov/Cultura; Karl Tapales/Moment; Image Source; serts/E+; skaman306/Moment; sdominick/iStock/Getty Images Plus; PBNJ Productions; Flutter_97321/Vetta; Koldunov/iStock/Getty Images Plus; ficio74/iStock/Getty Images Plus; FPG/Archive Photos; Getty Images/EyeEm; Sirinarth Mekvorawuth/EyeEm; Hulton Archive/Stringer; Eric Audras/ONOKY; U2.3: Hero Images; Attila Csaszar/Moment; Feverpitched/iStock/Getty Images Plus; belekekin/iStock/Getty Images Plus; U3.2: Hennadii/iStock/Getty Images Plus; republica/iStock/Getty Images Plus; RUSS ROHDE/Cultura; Daniela White Images/Moment; boonsom/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Dina Belenko Photography/Moment Open; U3.3: john shepherd/E+; Chee Siong Teh/EyeEm; Copyright Xinzheng. All Rights Reserved./Moment; Neydtstock/iStock/Getty Images Plus; zhev/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Besjunior/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Pali Rao/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Malte Mueller; Donald Iain Smith; DigitalVision Vectors; Nataniil/DigitalVision Vectors; U4.2: rosmaro/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Huntstock; LEON NEAL/AFP; Johner Images; The Washington Post; funnybank/DigitalVision Vectors; U4.3: Catherine Ledner/Taxi; Westend61; Studio CP/Cultura; Shanina/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Peter Correz/The Image Bank; Urupong/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Photographed by Christine D Kwiecinski/Fototrove; yacobchuk/iStock/Getty Images Plus; H. Armstrong Roberts/ClassicStock/Archive Photos; lovro77/E+; StephanHoerold/E+; U5.2: Yevhenii Orlov/iStock/Getty Images Plus; naumoid/iStock/Getty Images Plus; metamorworks/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Maciej Frolow/The Image Bank; KTSDESIGN/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY/Science Photo Library; Jon Riley/Stockbyte; dottedhippo/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Westend61; U5.3: Marko Stavric Photography/Moment; lovelypeace/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Anna Gorin/Moment; gameover2012/iStock/Getty Images Plus; drmakkoy/DigitalVision Vectors; Grafissimo/DigitalVision Vectors; photo by Pam Susemiehl/Moment; PeskyMonkey/E+; Barry Winiker/Stockbyte; PeteerS/iStock/Getty Images Plus; AndreyCherkasov/iStock/Getty Images Plus; U6.2: Ulrike Schmitt-Hartmann/DigitalVision; Tomohiro Takita/EyeEm; Westend61; Sungmoon Han/EyeEm; jeffstrauss/iStock/Getty Images Plus; martin-dm/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Erik Isakson; Hill Street Studios/DigitalVision; DeepDesertPhoto/RooM; U6.3: Jenny Dettrick/Moment; davidf/E+; Corey Ford/Stocktrek Images; holgs/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Getty Images/EyeEm; Claudia Totir/Moment; AntonioGuillem/iStock/Getty Images Plus; © Randy Faris/Corbis/VCG; AndreyPopov/iStock/Getty Images Plus; U7.2: Stephanie Noritz/DigitalVision; Getty Images/EyeEm; urbazon/E+; MachineHeadz/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Westend61; DreamPictures/Taxi; JeannineMcChesney/RooM; U7.3: CSA Images; Leontura/DigitalVision Vectors; Aquir/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Caiaimage/Robert Daly; Sol de Zuasnabar Brebbia/Moment; Zero Creatives/Cultura; JackF/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Jose Luis Pelaez Inc/DigitalVision; erenmotion/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Fernando Trabanco Fotografía/Moment; U8.2: Echo/Juice Images; Kevin Dodge; Peter Dazeley/Photographer's Choice; scyther5/iStock/Getty Images Plus; U8.3: aurielaki/iStock/Getty Images Plus; shironosov/Creatas Video+; JGI/Jamie Grill; ViewApart/iStock/Getty Images Plus; izusek/E+; EXTREME-PHOTOGRAPHER/E+; Getty Images/arabianEye; ANDRZEJ WOJCICKI/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY/Science Photo Library; studiocasper/E+; mladenbalinovac/E+; Hero Images; LeoPatrizi/E+; I Gede Pratama/EyeEm; U9.2: guojieyi/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Grafissimo/E+; NATALIIA OMELCHENKO/iStock/Getty Images Plus; mdmilliman/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Laures/iStock/Getty Images Plus; U9.3: DragonImages/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Thomas Trutschel/Photothek; Andrew Errington/Moment Mobile; Ned Frisk; Westend61; Karl Weatherly/Photographer's Choice; Bronek Kaminski/Photodisc; Andrea Colarieti/EyeEm; Rawpixel/iStock/Getty Images Plus.
Video
All video clips are sourced from Getty Images.
SU.1: funky-data/Creatas Video; BSPC/Creatas Video; U1.2: heavypred/Creatas Video; U2.3: NeighboursCat/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; taavet/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Pigeon Productions Inc/Image Bank Film: Signature; simonkr/Creatas Video; Simonkr/one80: Signature; Sky News/Film Image Partner; U3.2: sergeysaraev/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; wundervisuals/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; Pressmaster/DigitalVision; The Lighthouse Film Co, Inc./Lighthouse Films; Multi-bits/Image Bank Film; Zdyma4/Creatas Video+; carpinxo/Creatas Video; SDI Productions/Creatas Video; U3.3: Sky News/Film Image Partner; Sky News/Film Image Partner; SVTeam/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; U4.2: Marc Romanelli/Image Bank Film: Signature; ReeldealHD Ltd./Verve+; Bplanet/Creatas Video; gpointstudio/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; U6.2: gschroer/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; U7.2: Creatas Video+; U8.2: Ariel Skelley/Iconica Video: Signature; 22gallery/Creatas Video; articgoneape/Creatas Video; aislan13/Creatas Video; shivkantsharma07/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; blackdovfx/Creatas Video; U8.3: Weedezign/Creatas Video; U9.2: Richard Gardette/one80: Signature; Motortion/Creatas Video+/Getty Images Plus; The Lighthouse Film Co, Inc./Lighthouse Films.
Audio
All audio clips are sourced from Getty Images.
U6.3: Ian Hubball/Sound Effects by Getty Images; U9.2: Deep Blue Music/SoundExpress; Ladislav Weyrostek/Sound Effects by Getty Images; Rand Bowman/Sound Effects by Getty Images.
Video produced by Lucentum Digital.
Illustrations
Antonio Cuesta
Audio Produced by Creative Listening
Typeset by QBS Learning
Authoring
Vicki Anderson, Diana Anyakwo, Debbie Owen and Ingrid Wisniewska
Freelance editorial work
Inés Avello, Charlotte Johnson, Mathew Rust and Melissa Wilson